WHO-GACP explained for cannabis buyers

What the WHO guidelines on good agricultural and collection practices (GACP) cover, how GACP differs from GMP, how to read a GACP certificate's scope, level and validity, and what GACP-certified cannabis from Morocco means in practice.

"GACP-certified" appears on many cannabis offers, and it means something specific. For buyers supplying pharmaceutical or other regulated channels, it is often the first quality requirement for plant-based starting material. It is also frequently misunderstood: GACP is not GMP, a certificate's scope matters as much as the certificate itself, and validity dates matter as much as either.

This guide explains what the WHO guidelines cover, how GACP fits with GMP, how to read a GACP certificate, and what our own WHO-GACP declaration covers.

What WHO-GACP is

The World Health Organization published its guidelines on good agricultural and collection practices (GACP) for medicinal plants to improve the quality and consistency of plant materials used as starting materials. They describe good practice for the whole agricultural stage, from choosing where and what to grow to how harvested material is dried, stored and documented.

Cannabis is one of many plants to which these principles are applied. In Europe, a closely related guideline on GACP for starting materials of herbal origin is also widely referenced. For buyers, the essential idea is the same: the plant material has been produced under documented, controlled and traceable conditions.

What the guidelines cover

GACP guidance is organised around the stages and the conditions that affect plant quality. In broad terms, it addresses:

  • Identification of the plant. Correct botanical identity of the species and variety grown, with documentation.
  • Seeds and propagation material. Known origin and quality of what is planted.
  • Cultivation site and conditions. Suitable land, and attention to contamination risks from soil, water and air.
  • Cultivation practices. Controlled use of fertilisers, irrigation and plant protection products, with records.
  • Harvest. Timing and handling that protect quality, and avoidance of contamination during harvest.
  • Primary processing. Drying and other first steps after harvest, carried out under suitable, controlled conditions.
  • Storage and transport. Clean, suitable storage that protects material from pests, moisture and contamination, and traceable movement.
  • Equipment and premises. Clean, suitable tools and facilities.
  • Personnel. Training, hygiene and clear responsibilities.
  • Documentation. Records that allow each batch of plant material to be traced back through the chain.

The thread running through all of it is documentation and traceability. A GACP operation can show what was grown, where, how and when, and what happened to it afterwards.

What a GACP audit looks at

A GACP certificate is the outcome of an assessment by a certification body. The detail varies by scheme, but auditors generally check that practice on the ground matches the guidelines and that records back it up:

  • Site visits. Fields, drying areas and storage facilities are inspected for suitability, cleanliness and contamination risks.
  • Records. Planting, cultivation inputs, harvest dates, drying and storage conditions, and movements of material are traced through the documentation.
  • Identity and origin. The plant varieties grown match what is declared, and the origin of the propagation material is known.
  • Inputs. Fertilisers and any plant protection products are recorded and used appropriately.
  • People. Staff know their responsibilities, are trained, and follow hygiene rules.
  • Traceability tests. A lot of plant material can be followed backwards to its site and forwards to where it went.

Certificates are issued for a limited period, and schemes generally require re-assessment to renew them. When you qualify a supplier, it is reasonable to ask when the certificate expires and how renewal is planned, so your own documentation stays continuous.

GACP and GMP: where one ends and the other begins

A common misunderstanding is that GACP certification on its own means material is produced to pharmaceutical standards. It doesn't. Pharmaceutical supply chains usually divide responsibilities:

  • GACP applies to the agricultural stage: cultivation, harvest and primary post-harvest steps such as drying and storage.
  • GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) applies to manufacturing: the processing steps that turn plant material into the substance or product a pharmaceutical company uses.

Exactly where the line falls depends on the product and on the regulator. For a buyer, two questions matter: which steps does the GACP certificate cover, and under which standard or authorisation do the later steps take place?

How to read a GACP certificate

Treat a GACP certificate like any other certificate: read every field, not just the logo.

FieldWhat to check
IssuerWho issued it, and whether that body is recognised in your market
StandardWhich guideline it certifies against, such as the WHO GACP guidelines
HolderThe legal entity matches your supplier
ScopeWhich activities (cultivation, drying, storage) and which plants or varieties
SitesWhich production sites and facilities are covered, usually listed in an annex
Level or gradeIf the scheme grades conformity, the level achieved
ValidityIssue date and expiry date, and whether renewal is planned

Two checks prevent most problems. First, the scope must cover the material you are buying: the right plant, the right varieties, the right activities. Second, the dates must cover the batch: a certificate issued after a batch was produced does not certify that batch.

Our WHO-GACP declaration

LSQA, an agrifood certification body based in Montevideo and a member of IQNET, has issued Declaration of Conformity PP90/01 for our operation:

FieldOur declaration
StandardWHO guidelines on good agricultural and collection practices (GACP) for medicinal plants
ScopeProduction, storage and drying of Cannabis sativa from Beldia and CBD strains
Level achievedA
LocationChefchaouen province, Morocco
Issued18 December 2025
Valid until18 December 2026

The certified operation comprises six production sites of one hectare each, run with two partner cooperatives, with an estimated combined output of around seven tonnes of dry biomass a year. Drying and storage take place at a certified facility operated under our name in the same province.

What it covers, and what it doesn't. The declaration covers the agricultural part of the chain: growing, drying and storing the plant material. Turning that material into resin, by sifting, static refinement, ice-water extraction and pressing, is done at our facility under ANRAC authorisation 52/A5/0223 for transformation and manufacturing. Export runs under ANRAC authorisation 54/A8/0223. The full picture is on Quality & Compliance.

Where EU-GMP fits

We are not EU-GMP certified; we are advancing toward EU-GMP certification. For buyers who need EU-GMP material today, GMP conversion is carried out by our partners in Switzerland and Portugal. If your channel requires GMP, raise it at the start: it shapes the route the material takes and the documents you receive.

What GACP means for you as a buyer

For an importer, GACP-certified cannabis from Morocco means you can document where and how the plant material was grown and handled. That is usually required by pharmaceutical customers and regulators, and it is valuable in any regulated channel. In practice:

  • Ask for the certificate and its annex, and check scope, sites and dates against your batch.
  • Ask how the later steps are controlled: which authorisation or standard covers processing.
  • Combine it with the COA. GACP describes how the material was produced; the certificate of analysis describes what is in the batch. Our guide How to read a cannabis resin COA covers the second part.

Our GACP declaration, ANRAC authorisations and laboratory reports are available to approved buyers in the portal. Apply for trade access, or request a COA from any product page, such as Dry Resin.

What does GACP stand for?

Good Agricultural and Collection Practices. The WHO guidelines on GACP for medicinal plants describe how plant material should be grown, harvested, dried, stored and documented so that it is of consistent, traceable quality.

Is GACP the same as GMP?

No. GACP covers the agricultural stage: cultivation, harvest and primary post-harvest handling such as drying and storage. GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) covers manufacturing. A GACP certificate does not make the downstream processing GMP.

What does your GACP declaration cover?

LSQA's Declaration of Conformity PP90/01 covers production, storage and drying of Cannabis sativa from Beldia and CBD strains in Chefchaouen province, at Level A, valid until 18 December 2026. Processing into resin runs under our ANRAC transformation authorisation.

Are you EU-GMP certified?

No. We are advancing toward EU-GMP certification. Where a buyer needs EU-GMP material today, conversion is carried out by our partners in Switzerland and Portugal.